By the time the Nobel Prizes are announced each year, many debates are raging, and there is widespread debate about how many Nobel laureates are entitled to. We may note that this debate is very clear about the Nobel Peace Prize, which some see as an award that carries some political calculations.
But what many do not know is that there is also widespread controversy about the fact that some scientists in the field of medicine, physics and economics have won the world's most prestigious prize, although we believe that these are areas that are not controversial and have no false biases or assessments.
Let us set out a small example that shows that winning the Nobel Prize may be illogical and sometimes incomprehensible. Perhaps there is no world other than our concept of the universe and space as did the famous scientist Albert Einstein through his theories of general relativity (1905) and general theory of relativity (1916), which changed the course of physics forever.
Although the world still comprehends the genius of these two theories and still finds its predictions practically until this moment, Einstein did not receive the Nobel Prize in physics in recognition of either. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his achievements in the field of theoretical physics, in particular his discovery of the law of photovoltaic phenomenon.
According to the French newspaper Le Monde, back to the decisions of the scientific committees of the Nobel Prize-winning Swedish Academy, some scientists who received the Nobel Prize did not deserve it. The paper wondered if this was due to some of the "gaps" often involved in scientific research, that is because of the "gap" that can emerge between the theory and practical applications.
In contrast to the above example, we will give examples in this report to the most prominent scientists who won the Nobel Prize for discoveries and theories that were not real or proved unsuccessful or controversial.
Johannes Vibeger .. Worm and Cancer
Danish scientist Johannes Fiebeger won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1926, in which he was awarded the prize for discovering that the cytoplasm of the cytomephrine carcinoma was responsible for causing the cancer, but there was one simple problem: the worm was wrong . Cancer in rats was also demonstrated by Vibeger experiments.
«Danny Johannes Vibeger»
Viberger's experiments showed that mice that ate worm larvae by eating roaches containing them had cancer. While winning the award, the Swedish Academy's rulers believed that this research was a perfect research worthy of the highest scientific award in the field of medicine. Later, after the prize was awarded, mice were diagnosed with cancer as a result of vitamin A deficiency.
Julius Wagner Goreg .. Treatment with malaria
In 1927, the second Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to the Austrian scientist Julius Wagner Gureg, a pioneer of malaria treatment . Goreg awarded the award in recognition of his efforts in treating syphilis patient through his injection of malaria, which is a serious short for treatment.
«Austrian Julius Wagner Goreg»
Disease syphilis is a bacterial disease transmitted through sexual contact and can be easily cured through antibiotics, but at that time was not penicillin ( the first antibiotic to be discovered in history in 1928) exists, and thus the search continues to find a cure for this disease , which develops into A serious and deadly disease in its final stage without treatment.
Goreg discovered that the malaria parasite could eliminate syphilis, but this means that the patient has another deadly disease that could kill his life. This microbiologist and director of the Pasteur Institute in the French city of Lille, Bartrick Birch, called it 1927 " a terrible year " for the Nobel Prize .
Paul Muller .. Discoverer of «DDT»
Another example here appears when the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to the man who discovered the use of DDT, the chemical that was banned and later banned. The Nobel Prize in Medicine went to the Swiss scientist Paul Mueller in 1948, who discovered a discovery that ended up in good, bad, and bad uses. Muller did not discover a substance called dichlorodiphenyltricloroethane (DDT), but he discovered that it could be used as a powerful pesticide that could kill many flies, mosquitoes and beetles in a short time.
This compound has proved to be very effective in protecting agricultural crops and combating insect-borne diseases such as typhus and malaria, which has saved hundreds of thousands of lives and helped eradicate malaria in southern Europe.
But in the 1960s, ecologists found that DDT was poisoning wildlife and the environment. The United States first banned the use of the vessel in 1972, and in 2001 it banned the use of an international treaty, although some exemptions are allowed for some countries fighting and fighting malaria.
Antonio Eagas Moniz .. We will cut a part of your brain to be treated psychologically!
The idea of carving, scraping or removing a part of the brains of people may seem a good idea at times, despite warnings from doctors and such operations very cautiously in moments of life and death only, because they may cause side effects such as the loss of some important functions in the human body.
But sometime in the twentieth century, he won the world Portugal 's Antonio Egas Moniz in 1949 the Nobel Prize in medicine for his invention scary surgery is to completely remove the frontal lobe of the brain for the treatment of «mental illness» only.
This method became very popular in the 1940s in the treatment of schizophrenia or schizophrenia and other neurological diseases. At the awards ceremony, it was lauded as "one of the most important discoveries ever made in psychotherapy." However, this process had serious side effects. Some patients died and others were left with severe brain damage. Even operations that were considered successful left the patients with no sensory response and emotionally numb.
The popularity of this method declined rapidly in the 1950s, when mental illness drugs became widespread, and this process is rarely used today. The Nobel Prize awarded to Moniz was described as "the Nobel of shame". How can this "evil" eradication of a large and important part of the brain pass through the Evaluation Committee, which contains scientists who understand well how terrible this act is on the human body?
A theory that won Nobel and caused billions of losses
If we go to the branch of economics, we have an example that is clearer that the award was given to those who do not really deserve it. We are referring to American economists, Peron Scholes and Robert Merton, whose Nobel Prize is considered a disaster by many analysts.
«Meron Scholes»
In 1997, the two men were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics because they "opened new horizons in the field of economic assessments," as the commission's supervisor said . But the disaster began when the theories of the two men began to be turned into reality by companies.
According to the Swedish Academy, the two men were awarded the prize for a pioneering formula to evaluate equity options. Their methodology has paved the way for economic assessments in many areas. It has also produced new types of financial instruments and has facilitated risk management with greater efficiency in society. Their new wording was therefore related to the stock and stock market and related issues.
The surprise was when the funds and financial companies applied their economic theory, which cost them to lose a very large amount estimated at about four billion US dollars, and although the global markets managed to avoid the infection that hit some of them because of this theory, but the world markets remained months recover Of its negative effects.